Extending the double-dispersion Cole–Cole, Cole–Davidson and Havriliak–Negami electrochemical impedance spectroscopy models

Double-dispersion impedance models are important for the accurate fitting of spectral impedance measurements in Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). While the Cole–Cole model is the most widely known, it is possible to define double-dispersion Cole–Davidson and Havriliak–Negami models as well. In this work, we show that more freedom can be exercised when these three models are combined together and that this combination can be done in various forms. Experimental results using a two-stage optimization algorithm applied on the suggested models are provided. © 2021, European Biophysical Societies' Association.