A Comprehensive Survey on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET)

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks is an evolving research field that has the potential to address safety on roads. This tends to attract car manufacturers and suppliers to develop in evolving the industry vision. VANET demonstrates a different kind of communications targeting the main objective, which is safety besides entertainment services. This is achieved using the Internet through the infrastructure units located aside on the roads. In this paper, the main concern is safety-oriented communication, V2V, and V2I, which are often used together to achieve the required safety objectives. We focus on delivering a consolidated overview of the required kinds of communication in one solid document. We go through the VANET architecture, VANET layers, and their protocols. Moreover, we discuss the congestion control problem in terms of its impact on safety applications and different proposed techniques challenging its occurrence. We have also explored the attacks, next challenges, and open points representing the main hotspot when VANET comes to deployment. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.