We consider the secure transmission of information over an ergodic fading channel in the presence of an eavesdropper. Our eavesdropper can be viewed as the wireless counterpart of Wyner's wiretapper. The secrecy capacity of such a system is characterized under the assumption of asymptotically long coherence intervals. We first consider the full channel state information (CSI) case, where the

This paper establishes the utility of user cooperation in facilitating secure wireless communications. In particular, the four-terminal relay-eavesdropper channel is introduced and an outer-bound on the optimal rate-equivocation region is derived. Several cooperation strategies are then devised and the corresponding achievable rate-equivocation region are characterized. Of particular interest is

The layered architecture that guided the design of the Internet is deemed inadequate as a reference model for engineering protocols for NGN. Layered protocol suites impose a strict sequential order on protocol execution conflicting with the efficient engineering of end systems, as well as failing to express vertical functional integration, the separation of control and data planes, and the

A game-theoretic framework is developed to design and analyze the resource allocation algorithms in fading multiple-access channels (MACs), where the users are assumed to be selfish, rational, and limited by average power constraints. The maximum sum-rate point on the boundary of the MAC capacity region is shown to be the unique Nash equilibrium of the corresponding water-filling game. This result

This paper focuses on the design of medium access control protocols for cognitive radio networks. The scenario in which a single cognitive user wishes to opportunistically exploit the availability of empty frequency bands within parts of the radio spectrum having multiple bands is first considered. In this scenario, the availability probability of each channel is unknown a priori to the cognitive

Imaging of the heart anatomy and function using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnosis tool for heart diseases. Several techniques have been developed to increase the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between myocardium and background. Recently, a technique that acquires cine cardiac images with black-blood contrast has been proposed. Although the technique produces cine sequence

Black-blood cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in diagnosing a number of heart diseases. The technique suffers inherently from low contrast-tonoise ratio between the myocardium and the blood. In this work, we examined the performance of different classification techniques that can be used. The three techniques successfully removed the noise with different performance

artificial neural network provides a cybernetic model that is similar to human intelligence in terms of parallel processing, generalization and memory stacking on the same neural network. From the era of neurogenesis, research models expect the rules that govern new neuron to depend on old mature circuitry. Other research models show the existence of catastrophic interference associated with new

The main idea to correct sight disorders using lasers is to modify corneal curvature by applying laser to specific layers of the cornea. Intrastromal Photorefractive keratectomy is a laser technique used to correct sight disorders by evaporating corneal tissue, which results in small cavities that may coincide to form a larger cavity that will collapse to deform the curvature of the cornea. In

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) is a one kind of communication system that enables control of devices or communication with others only through brain signal activities without using motor activities. The main application for BCI is to provide an alternative channel for helping disabled persons, hereafter mentioned as subjects, to communicate with the external world. This paper tries to demonstrate